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使用python-requests包进行接口测试
单接口的测试
1.构造参数
2.发送请求
3.校验结果
# 加载包
import requests
# 百度搜索的接口，搜索时内容为requests
url = "http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=requests"
# 发送请求，将服务器返回的响应放到变量r中
r= requests.get(url)
# 打印文本格式的响应体
print(r.text)
# 对结果进行断言，判断关键字在不在结果中
# assert "Requests: 让 HTTP 服务人类 — Requests 2.18.1 文档" in r.text
# 金融项目注册接口测试
# get请求的参数拼接到URL的后面？key =value&key =value&key =value的格式
url="http://192.168.2.36:8089/futureloan/mvc/api/member/register?mobilephone=12345&pwd=12345"
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.text)
print(r.json()) # 如果响应体是json格式的，使用r.json()
print(r.json()['code']) # r.json()后可以当作字典使用
assert r.json()['code'] == "20108"
assert r.json()['msg'] == "密码长度必须为6~18"
# get请求的参数，使用Params传递
url = "http://192.168.2.36:8089/futureloan/mvc/api/member/register"
cs = {
"mobilephone" :"18829512803",
"pwd":"12345",
"regname":"hello"
}
# params 不能写错，只能是request中定义好的参数名
r = requests.get(url,params=cs)
print(r.text)
assert r.json()['code'] == "20108"
assert r.json()['msg'] == "密码长度必须为6~18"
print("状态码", r.status_code)
print("状态原因", r.reason)
print("响应头", r.headers)
print("cookies", r.cookies)
print("文本格式的响应体", r.text)
print("请求头", r.request.headers)
# 新知天气的接口
url = "https://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/now.json?key=Sh-LsrOsCyo4vp8Tp&location=xian"
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.json())
# 西安
print(r.json()['results'][0]['location']['name'], end='当前的温度：')
# 温度
print(r.json()['results'][0]['now']['temperature'])
# 分割线
print("*"* 50)
# 获取用户列表
url = "http://192.168.2.36:8089/futureloan/mvc/api/member/list"
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.json())
print(r.request.headers) # 'User-Agent':'python-requests/2.25.1'
# 分割线
print("*"* 50)
# 设置User-Agent ，伪装成是浏览器发的请求
hds = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/88.0.4324.182 Safari/537.36"
}
r = requests.get(url,headers=hds)
print(r.json())
print(r.request.headers) '''
用requests发送post请求
1.data传参，传的是表单格式式的参数
2.json传参，传的是json格式的参数
具体用data还是json传参，要看接口是如何实现的
'''
import requests
# 金融登录接口
url = "http://192.168.2.36:8089/futureloan/mvc/api/member/login"
cs = {
"mobilephone" :"18829512803",
"pwd":"123456789"
}
# 用data传参
r = requests.post(url,data=cs)
print(r.text)
# 请求头中，‘Content-Type’：‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded’
print(r.request.headers)
# 用json传参
r = requests.post(url,json= cs)
print(r.text) # 手机号不能为空，这个接口不支持用json的方式传参，参数未识别出来
# 请求头中，‘Content-Type’：‘application/json'
print(r.request.headers)
# 租车系统登录接口（没有接口文档，但是有界面时，可以通过操作界面抓取接口）
url="http://192.168.2.36:8089/carRental/login/login.action"
cs = {
"loginname":"admin",
"pwd": "123456"
}
r = requests.post(url,data=cs)
print(r.text)
assert "<title>首页-汽车出租系统</title>" in r.text
# print(r.request.headers) '''
上传文件
files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)`
'''
import requests
# 接口测试的网站， 用户发送请求 ，该网站把收到的请求，
# 组成json格式的响应，返回给用户
# /post 是post方法
# /get 是get方法
# /delete 是delete方法
url = "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
cs= {
"user" : "admin",
"e-mail": "123213@qq.com"
}
path = "e:/test.txt"
with open(path, mode='r') as f:
fs = {
# "file1" 上传接口的参数名，是接口定义的
"file1": (path, f),#二元组：（文件名字，文件对象）
"file2": (path, f ,"text/plain") # 三元组（文件名字，文件对象，文件类型）
}
r = requests.post(url, data=cs, files=fs)
print(r.text)
# 租车系统，添加车辆时，先上传车辆的图片
path = "e:/test.jpg"
url = "http://192.168.2.36:8089/carRental/file/uploadFile.action"
with open(path,mode='rb') as f:
fs = {
"mf" : (path,f ,"image/jpg") # 三元组（文件名字，文件对象，文件类型）
}
r = requests.post(url,data=cs ,files=fs)
print(r.text)
assert "2021-03-18" in r.json()['data']['src']
# 分割线
print("*"* 50)
# 一次上传多个文件
url="http://www.httpbin.org/post"
path1 = "e:/test.txt"
path2 = "e:/test.jpg"
with open (path1,mode='r') as f1:
with open(path2,mode='rb') as f2:
fs={
"f1":"(path1,f1)",
"f2": (path2,f2,"image/jpg")
}
r = requests.post(url, files=fs)
print(r.text) '''
设置cookie
'''
import requests
# 没有登录的情况下，访问该接口，会跳转到登录页面
url = "https://www.bagevent.com/account/dashboard"
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.text)
# 使用界面登录后，服务器返回的cookie信息，访问该接口，返回登录后的统计页面
hds = {
"Cookie": '_ga=GA1.2.898728043.1615965992; _gid=GA1.2.872824269.1615965992; Hm_lvt_1fc37bec18db735c69ebe77d923b3ab9=1615965992; __auc=13ad1c891783f1445b1a072ed33; sdktoken=68edd18e335220d175f0bf64b259c6f5; uid=ef965a462d80fd4d62c3d118fe742e20; nickName=undefined; avatar=undefined; MEIQIA_TRACK_ID=1psK7g7yqqODa45WOXfKCti4C9P; BAGSESSIONID=02afdf9b-261c-4436-b259-4ddd02e0ca52; JSESSIONID=79B179498FBB86DE1EDDBB623F22A614; __asc=c76a6638178441def3c8c64462f; MEIQIA_VISIT_ID=1pv512xOjWnzNuo9ihmWU9LF9Pa; Hm_lpvt_1fc37bec18db735c69ebe77d923b3ab9=1616050526; _gat=1; BAG_EVENT_TOKEN_=02de735f68204d51009e7edda78e58c13a3fcdd1; BAG_EVENT_CK_KEY_="2780487875@qq.com"; BAG_EVENT_CK_TOKEN_=2440f5d17af838308ba4b390db81af38'
}
r = requests.get(url,headers=hds)
print(r.text) '''
自动管理cookie的机制,创建一个session = requests.session(), 自动维护cookie信息
'''
import requests
s = requests.session() # 创建session
print("登录之前的cookie信息：",s.cookies)
#百格登录的接口
url = "https://www.bagevent.com/user/login"
cs = {
"access_type": 1,
"loginType": 1,
"emailLoginWay": 0,
"account": "2780487875@qq.com ",
"password": "qq2780487875",
"remindmeBox": "on",
"remindme": 1}
r = s.post(url, data=cs) #用session 发送请求
assert "<title>百格活动 - 账户总览</title>" in r.text
# 分割线
print("*"* 50)
print("-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=")
print("登录之后的cookie信息：",s.cookies)
# 百格查询的接口
url = "https://www.bagevent.com/account/dashboard"
r = s.get(url)
# print(r.text)
assert "<title>百格活动 - 账户总览</title>" in r.text
# 退出登录
url = "https://www.bagevent.com/user/login_out "
r = s.get(url)
print("退出登录之后的cookie的信息：", s.cookies)
# RequestsCookieJar 转成字典
ts = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(s.cookies)
print(ts)
for k, v in ts.items():# 遍历字典
print(k, ":", v)
tianGan = ["甲","乙","丙","丁","戊","己","庚","辛","壬","癸"]
diZhi = ["子", "丑", "寅", "卯", "辰", "巳", "午", "未", "申", "酉", "戌", "亥"]
for i in range(10):
print(tianGan [i%10] +diZhi[i%12],end=" ")
if i !=0 and i%10 ==9:
print()
# for j in range(12):
# print(tianGan+diZhi[j]) '''
timeout参数，设置请求的超时时间
1.接口执行耗时比较久，默认的超时时间内执行不完。比如上传一个2G的大文件
2.接口的性能要求，接口在xxms内返回结果。如果xx ms，认为性能不符合要求
'''
import requests
#淘宝查询手机号码归属地的接口
# tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm
url = "https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=18012345678"
# 该接口是否能在200 ms返回结果
for i in range(10):
try:
r = requests.get(url, timeout=0.2) #Connection to tcc.taobao.com timed out
#print(r.text)
print(r.status_code)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
'''
设置代理抓包
1.界面执行是正确的
2.接口执行时有问题
分别抓取界面执行过程的包，以及脚本执行过程的包，对比差异来定位问题
'''
print("*"*50)
proxy = {
"http":"http://127.0.0.1:8888", # 协议：代理地址
"https":"http://127.0.0.1:8888"
}
requests.get("http://www.baidu.com",proxies = proxy)
print(r.status_code)
# 证书校验失败：certificate verify failed ,设置verify= False 不去校验证书
# 执行时会出现警告，InsecureRequestWarning，不影响执行
r= requests.get("https://www.bagevent.com",proxies=proxy,verify= False)
print(r.status_code)
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